摘要:
明确不同施肥处理对水稻生长、干物质积累、转运及产量的影响,为水稻的养分综合管理措施提供参考。依托25 a长期定位试验,通过大田试验方法,设置不施肥对照(CK),常规化肥(NPK)、25%有机肥替代化肥(1/4M+3/4NP)、50%有机肥替代化肥(1/2M+1/2NP)、100%有机肥替代化肥(M)和有机无机肥配施(MNPK)6个试验处理,探究不同施肥处理对水稻生长、干物质积累、转运及产量的影响。结果表明,水稻地上部干物质积累量成熟期大小顺序表现为MNPK>1/4M+3/4NP>1/2M+1/2NP>NPK>M>CK,MNPK、1/4M+3/4NP处理分别较NPK处理籽粒增产12.42%、2.04%。水稻籽粒干物质积累量主要来源于花后干物质积累,各处理花后干物质积累量对籽粒贡献率为50.17%~65.40%,其中,施用有机肥各处理显著高于CK和NPK处理。水稻成熟期,施用有机肥的各处理籽粒的比例均较CK和NPK处理高。有机无机肥配施各处理比CK或NPK处理显著促进水稻分蘖、提高叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)值及叶面积指数,同时也显著优化水稻各产量构成因子,增加水稻产量。水稻各农艺性状与有效穗数呈显著或极显著正相关,与千粒重和穗粒数均呈正相关关系。长期施用有机肥条件下,25%的有机肥替代化肥促进水稻生长发育,提高干物质积累、转运,是黄壤性水稻土地区实现水稻增产的最佳施肥措施。
关键词: 水稻生长, 有机无机配施, 干物质, 产量
Abstract:
The effects of different fertilization treatments on rice growth, dry matter accumulation, transport and yield were clarified, which provided reference for integrated nutrient management measures in rice. Relying on long-term trial for 25 years, through the field experiment method, 6 test processes including the no fertilizer control (CK), conventional fertilizer (NPK), 25% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer (1/4M + 3/4NP), 50% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer(1/2M + 1/2NP), 100% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer (M) and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer (MNPK) were set up,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth, dry matter accumulation, transportation and yield of rice were studied.The results showed that the above ground dry weight was as follows: MNPK>1/4M + 3/4NP>1/2M +1/2NP>NPK>M>CK,in which MNPK, 1/4M + 3/4NP increased the yield by 12.42% and 2.04%.The contribution rate of the accumulation of dry matter after anthesis was 50.17%-65.40%,and the organic fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than CK and NPK treatment.At the mature stage of rice, the ratio of rice grains treated with organic fertilizer was higher than that treated with CK and NPK.Compared with CK or NPK, the application of organic and inorganic fertilizer significantly promoted rice tillering, increased relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) value and leaf area index, and optimized rice yield components and increased rice yield.There was significant or extremely significant positive correlation between agronomic traits and effective panicle number, and positive correlation with 1 000-grain weight and grain number per panicle. Under the condition of long-term application of organic fertilizer, 25% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer can promote rice growth and development, increase dry matter accumulation and transportation, which is the best fertilizer measure to increase rice yield in yellow loamy paddy soil area.
Key words: rice growth, organic and inorganic fertilization, dry matter, production
中图分类号:
S511
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网址: 长期有机无机肥配施对水稻生长、干物质积累及产量的影响 https://m.huajiangbk.com/newsview466207.html
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