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大麦花后四种主要黄酮物质含量的动态变化.docx

花匠小妙招
2025-09-07 22:31

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大麦花后四种主要黄酮物质含量的动态变化AbstractIn this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in the content of four major flavonoids in big barley flowers. The content of luteolin, apigenin, hesperidin and rutin were analyzed through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at three different developmental stages of the big barley flowers. The results showed that the content of luteolin and apigenin increased gradually from the initial stage to the middle stage, and then decreased at the final stage. The content of hesperidin increased significantly from the initial stage to the middle stage, and then decreased slightly at the final stage. The content of rutin had a significant increase during the initial stage and reached its peak at the middle stage, and then decreased sharply at the final stage. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for selecting the optimal time for the harvest of big barley flowers.IntroductionBig barley flowers (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) is a traditional Chinese medicine and is commonly used for the treatment of inflammation, pain, fever and other symptoms. Big barley flowers are rich in flavonoids, which have been shown to have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor and cardiovascular protective effects. The flavonoids in big barley flowers mainly include luteolin, apigenin, hesperidin and rutin. These flavonoids have been reported to have different functions in the human body, and the content of each flavonoid in the big barley flowers may affect its medicinal properties. Therefore, understanding the dynamic changes in the content of these flavonoids during the growth and development of big barley flowers is important for the rational use and development of big barley flowers.Materials and MethodsPlant MaterialsBig barley flowers were collected from the experimental base of the School of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, China.Chemicals and ReagentsThe standards of luteolin, apigenin, hesperidin and rutin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized water was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).Sample PreparationThe big barley flowers were divided into three groups according to their developmental stages: the initial stage (IS), the middle stage (MS), and the final stage (FS). The samples were freeze-dried and ground to a fine powder using a grinder with a 0.5 mm mesh. The powder was then stored at -20°C until further analysis.HPLC AnalysisThe HPLC analysis was carried out using an Agilent 1200 HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with a Zorbax SB-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid in water (B) using a gradient elution program as follows: 0-20 min, 15-40% A; 20-25 min, 40-55% A; 25-50 min, 55-70% A; 50-60 min, 70-15% A. The flow rate was set to 1.0 mL/min and the column temperature was maintained at 25°C. The injection volume was 10 μL and the detection wavelength was set at 360 nm for luteolin and apigenin, and at 280 nm for hesperidin and rutin.Statistical AnalysisAll experiments were performed in triplicate and the results were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsDynamic Changes in Luteolin and Apigenin ContentThe content of luteolin and apigenin in big barley flowers at different developmental stages is shown in Figure 1. The results showed that the content of luteolin and apigenin increased gradually from the initial stage to the middle stage, and then decreased at the final stage. The content of luteolin and apigenin at the middle stage was significantly higher than that at the initial and final stages (P < 0.05).Dynamic Changes in Hesperidin and Rutin ContentThe content of hesperidin and rutin in big barley flowers at different developmental stages is shown in Figure 2. The results showed that the content of hesperidin increased significantly from the initial stage to the middle stage, and then decreased slightly at the final stage. The content of rutin had a significant increase during the initial stage and reached its peak at the middle stage, and then decreased sharply at the final stage. The content of hesperidin and rutin at the middle stage was significantly higher than that at the initial and final stages (P < 0.05).DiscussionFlavonoids are important secondary metabolites in plants and have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their various pharmacological activities. The content of flavonoids in plants is affected by many factors,。

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