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牛磺酸对花鲈生长性能、消化酶活性、抗氧化能力及免疫指标的影响

花匠小妙招
2024-12-14 23:53

摘要: 采用牛磺酸添加量分别为0 (N0)、0.4% (N1)、0.8% (N2)、1.2% (N3) 和1.6% (N4) 的5组试验饲料，投喂均质量 (7.2±0.07) g的花鲈 (Lateolabrax maculatus) 56 d，研究其对花鲈生长、消化酶活性、抗氧化能力及免疫指标的影响。结果显示，牛磺酸可提高花鲈的特定生长率、增重率和摄食率，其中N2、N3和N4组均显著大于对照组 (P<0.05)；牛磺酸可显著提高全鱼的粗蛋白含量并降低粗脂肪含量 (P<0.05)；牛磺酸可显著提高花鲈肠道蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性 (P<0.05)；牛磺酸添加组的红细胞和白细胞数均显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)，N2、N3和N4组的血红蛋白浓度显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)；牛磺酸添加组的溶菌酶活性、免疫球蛋白M (IgM)和补体4 (C4)浓度显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)；牛磺酸可显著提高花鲈肝脏总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性 (P<0.05)，显著降低丙二醛浓度 (P<0.05)。线性回归分析结果表明，以增重率为目标，花鲈对牛磺酸的最适需求量为0.85%。

Abstract: Lateolabrax maculatus with initial body mass of (7.2±0.07) g had been fed for 56 d with five diets containing 0 (N0), 0.4% (N1), 0.8% (N2), 1.2% (N3) and 1.6% (N4) taurine, so as to investigate the effects of taurine on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, antioxidant capacity and immune indices of L. maculatus. The results show that the dietary taurine improved the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed rate (FR) of L. maculates significantly (P<0.05) , especially for N2, N3 and N4 groups. The whole-body crude protein content increased but lipid content decreased with the increase of dietary taurine level (P<0.05). The activities of protease and lipase in taurine supplemented groups were significantly higher than those in the control (P<0.05). The levels of red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) were significantly higher in taurine supplemented groups than those in the control (P<0.05), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in N2, N3 and N4 were higher than that in the control (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in taurine supplemented groups were significantly higher than those in the control (P<0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in taurine supplemented groups were significantly lower than those in the control (P<0.05). The linear regression analysis on the weight gain rate indicates that the optimal dietary taurine level for growth of L. maculates is 0.85%.

图 1 花鲈增重率与饲料中牛磺酸质量分数的关系

Figure 1. Relationship between weight gain rate of L. maculatus and mass fraction of dietary taurine

表 1 试验饲料组成及营养水平 (干物质基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diet (Dray mass basis) %

原料
Ingredient组别 GroupN0N1N2N3N4 鱼粉 Fish meal 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 大豆浓缩蛋白 Soy protein concentrate 29.00 29.00 29.00 29.00 29.00 豆粕 Soybean meal 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 面粉 Wheat flour 23.00 22.40 22.20 21.80 21.40 啤酒酵母 Brewers yeast 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 鱼油 Fish oil 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 大豆卵磷脂 Soy lecithin 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 维生素预混料 Vitamin premixa 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 矿物质预混料 Mineral premixb 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 甜菜碱 Betaine 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 牛磺酸 Taurine 0.00 0.40 0.80 1.20 1.60 营养成分 Proximate composition 　水分 Moisture 9.74 9.72 9.69 9.71 9.70 　粗蛋白 Crude protein 44.28 44.31 44.29 44.32 44.30 　粗脂肪 Crude lipid 11.67 11.64 11.68 11.63 11.65 　灰分 Ash 8.23 8.21 8.25 8.22 8.21 　牛磺酸 Taurine 0.12 0.51 0.92 1.30 1.74注：a. 维生素预混料 (mg·kg−1饲料)：VB1 25，VB2 45，VB12 0.1，VK3 10，纤维醇 800，烟酸200，叶酸1.2，生物素 32，VD3 5，VE 120，乙氧喹150，泛酸500，微晶纤维素14.52；b. 矿物质预混料 (mg·kg−1饲料)：NaF 4，KI 1.6，CoCl2·6H2O (1%) 100，CuSO4·5H2O 20，FeSO4·H2O 160，ZnSO4·H2O 100，MnSO4·H2O 120，MgSO4·7H2O 2 400，Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O 6 000，NaCl 200Note: a. Vitamin premix (mg·kg−1 diet): VB1 25, VB2 45, VB12 0.1, VK3 10, inositol 800, nicotinic acid 200, folic acid 1.2, biotin 32, VD3 5, VE 120, ethoxyquin 150, pantothenic acid 500, avicel 14.52; b. Mineral premix (mg·kg−1 diet): NaF 4, KI 1.6, CoCl2·6H2O (1%) 100, CuSO4·5H2O 20, FeSO4·H2O 160, ZnSO4·H2O 100, MnSO4·H2O 120, MgSO4·7H2O 2 400, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O 6 000, NaCl 200

表 2 饲料中添加牛磺酸对花鲈生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of dietary taurine on growth performance of L. maculatus

指标
Index组别 Group N0N1N2N3N4 初始均质量 Initial body mass/g 7.27±0.06 7.24±0.07 7.25±0.14 7.23±0.08 7.23±0.12 终末均质量 Final body mass/g 41.86±1.76a 43.31±1.01a 47.66±1.07b 47.09±1.03b 46.85±1.44b 增重率 WGR/% 476.18±14.51a 499.17±15.19a 557.35±4.45b 552.10±15.63b 548.07±5.07b 特定生长率 SGR/(%·d−1) 2.92±0.05a 2.98±0.04a 3.14±0.01b 3.12±0.04b 3.11±0.02b 饲料系数 FCR 1.44±0.02b 1.41±0.02b 1.31±0.02a 1.32±0.01a 1.34±0.03a 摄食率 FR/(%·d−1) 1.43±0.01a 1.53±0.02b 1.58±0.02b 1.56±0.01b 1.55±0.03b 成活率 SR/% 96.67±3.34 98.89±1.92 100±0.00 100±0.00 98.89±1.92 肝体比 HIS/% 0.58±0.01 0.56±0.02 0.51±0.01 0.55±0.02 0.54±0.03 肥满度 CF/(g·cm−3) 1.81±0.02 1.83±0.02 1.87±0.03 1.85±0.04 1.88±0.05注：表中同一行数据上标字母不同，表示差异显著 (P<0.05)，后表同此Note: Different superscript letters within the same row indicate significant difference (P<0.05); the same case in the following tables.

表 3 饲料中添加牛磺酸对花鲈全鱼营养成分的影响

Table 3 Effects of dietary taurine on whole body proximate composition of L. maculatus %

指标
Index组别 Group N0N1N2N3N4 水分 Moisture 70.12±1.53 70.53±0.52 70.31±0.71 70.28±1.23 70.35±1.42 粗蛋白质 Crude protein 16.01±1.24a 16.42±0.43 b 17.23±0.62c 17.20±0.48c 17.14±0.83c 粗脂肪 Crude lipid 8.12±0.21c 7.86±0.14b 7.25±0.34a 7.31±0.20a 7.34±0.18a 粗灰分 Ash 4.56±0.11 4.57±0.15 4.52±0.13 4.55±0.20 4.54±0.11

表 4 饲料中添加牛磺酸对花鲈肠道消化酶活性的影响

Table 4 Effects of dietary taurine on intestinal digestive enzyme activity of L. maculatus

指标
Index组别 Group N0N1N2N3N4 蛋白酶 Protease/(U·mg−1) 73.21±1.24a 78.33±0.56b 80.86±1.56b 80.55±0.93b 80.28±1.42b 脂肪酶 Lipase/(U·g−1) 21.35±1.37a 24.32±1.41b 25.82±0.55b 25.88±1.53b 25.75±0.93b 淀粉酶 Amylase/(U·mg−1) 0.15±0.01 0.14±0.02 0.17±0.03 0.13±0.04 0.16±0.01

表 5 饲料中添加牛磺酸对花鲈肝脏抗氧化指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of dietary taurine on hepatic T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities and MDA contents of L. maculatus

指标
Index组别 Group N0N1N2N3N4 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U·mg−1) 0.43±0.04a 0.64±0.05b 0.71±0.12b 0.69±0.13b 0.67±0.02b 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U·mg−1) 60.12±1.09a 66.38±1.49b 68.51±1.04b 68.20±1.36b 67.96±1.07b 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U·mg−1) 23.36±0.51a 27.81±0.45b 28.82±0.22b 28.53±1.06b 28.13±0.96b 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U·mg−1) 120.15±1.16a 141.63±2.58b 150.69±2.41b 149.36±2.01b 147.90±2.52b 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol·mg−1) 10.58±0.61b 8.83±1.60a 8.03±0.92a 8.14±1.45a 8.25±1.32a

表 6 饲料中添加牛磺酸对花鲈血液生理指标的影响

Table 6 Effects of dietary taurine on blood physiological parameters of L. maculatus

指标
Index组别 Group N0N1N2N3N4 红细胞数 RBC/109 mL−1 1.61±0.13a 1.88±0.11b 1.92±0.09b 1.90±0.42b 1.93±0.25b 白细胞数 WBC/106 mL−1 9.05±0.11a 9.45±0.10b 9.53±0.14b 9.55±0.12b 9.54±0.18b 血红蛋白 Hb/(0.01 g·mL−1) 5.13±0.10a 5.67±0.13a 5.71±0.15ab 5.73±0.08b 5.74±0.03b 红细胞积压 Ht/% 44.22±1.02 44.25±1.10 44.20±1.31 44.21±1.25 44.32±1.16

表 7 饲料中添加牛磺酸对花鲈血清免疫指标的影响

Table 7 Effects of dietary taurine on serum immune indexes of L. maculatus

指标
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